Hybridization laboratory
Connect electron-domain geometry to sp, sp² and sp³ orbitals.
Live model
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Water
H2O
Module 8 of 13
Description of this simulation
Water (H2O): Hybridization laboratory — sp³ on oxygen. Two lone pairs compress the H–O–H angle and leave a strong net dipole.
Live result
sp³ on oxygen
Two lone pairs compress the H–O–H angle and leave a strong net dipole.
Molecule at a glance
- Geometry
- Bent
- Symmetry
- C₂v
- Polarity
- Polar
- Bond angle
- 104.5°
What this model shows — and what it simplifies
The label is the introductory valence-bond description of the central atom: two domains map to sp, three to sp² and four to sp³.
Where do we see this in real life?
Hybridization explains why carbon builds straight alkynes, flat alkenes and tetrahedral alkanes—the framework of organic chemistry.