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Germanium atom & ion lab

Change the electron count of Germanium and inspect its charge, shells and reviewed atomic properties.

UndergraduateLive

Scientific learning path

  1. 01UnderstandLive
  2. 02ExploreLive
  3. 03ExperimentLive
  4. 04ObserveLive
  5. 05ExplainLive
  6. 06ApplyLive
  7. 07TestLive
Explanation mode
Ge

Core label represents the fixed nuclear charge; individual neutrons are not inferred from standard atomic weight.

Reviewed atomic properties

Unavailable measurements remain explicitly unavailable.

First ionization energy762 kJ mol⁻¹
Covalent radius120 pm
Electronegativity2.01 Pauling

Description of this simulation

Germanium is neutral here: 32 protons are balanced by 32 electrons across shells 2, 8, 18, 4.

Quick test · 3 questions
1. Which statement is evidence from this simulation?
2. How should you test the effect of one control?
3. Why read the model notes?

Ge

Germanium

Z = 32
Protons
32
Electrons
32
Shells
2 · 8 · 18 · 4
Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Common oxidation states
-4, 2, 4
Phase near room conditions
solid

What this model shows — and what it simplifies

Educational Model

The nuclear charge stays fixed at 32 protons, which is what defines Germanium.

Where do we see this in real life?

The electron count and measured properties of Germanium help determine how it bonds, reacts and is identified in chemical materials.

Explain this result

Scientific review record

Building
Module version
v1 bundled
Published
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Last reviewed
Not yet verified
Academic level
Undergraduate
Reviewer
Not publicly assigned

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