Gallium atom & ion lab
Change the electron count of Gallium and inspect its charge, shells and reviewed atomic properties.
UndergraduateLive
Scientific learning path
- 01UnderstandLive
- 02ExploreLive
- 03ExperimentLive
- 04ObserveLive
- 05ExplainLive
- 06ApplyLive
- 07TestLive
Explanation mode
Core label represents the fixed nuclear charge; individual neutrons are not inferred from standard atomic weight.
Reviewed atomic properties
Unavailable measurements remain explicitly unavailable.
First ionization energy578.8 kJ mol⁻¹
Covalent radius122 pm
Electronegativity1.81 Pauling
Melts at 302.9 K — just above room temperature, so it liquefies in the hand.
Description of this simulation
Gallium is neutral here: 31 protons are balanced by 31 electrons across shells 2, 8, 18, 3.
Quick test · 3 questions
Ga
Gallium
- Protons
- 31
- Electrons
- 31
- Shells
- 2 · 8 · 18 · 3
- Configuration
- [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
- Common oxidation states
- 3
- Phase near room conditions
- solid
What this model shows — and what it simplifies
Educational ModelThe nuclear charge stays fixed at 31 protons, which is what defines Gallium.
Where do we see this in real life?
The electron count and measured properties of Gallium help determine how it bonds, reacts and is identified in chemical materials.
Explain this result
Scientific review record
Building- Module version
- v1 bundled
- Published
- Loading…
- Last reviewed
- Not yet verified
- Academic level
- Undergraduate
- Reviewer
- Not publicly assigned
Loading source metadata…